Stammering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stammering - Essay Example This paper looks at the causes, indications, impacts of stammering and techniques for rewarding and dealing with the condition. Reasons for stammer Researchers have read stammering for a significant stretch yet a great deal of data about the confusion remains moderately obscure. In any case, research examines demonstrate that the condition is brought about by a blend of a few variables, including formative and natural elements. From these contributing components, the reasons for the turmoil are ordered into two gatherings in particular formative and obtained. The start of formative stammering is during youth and it advances to the adulthood. Regularly 20 percent of kids are influenced by formative stammering from the period of around two and half months. During this age, most youngsters are finding out about discourse and language aptitudes (Bogue, 2005). Formative stammering is the most widely recognized sort and it is typically described by reiteration of syllable or words. These s igns are joined by other optional indications including recognizable physical strains while talking. As the youngster forms into adulthood, the individual may begin keeping away from individuals or circumstances that require verbal correspondence. In any case, numerous small kids are not aware about their discourse interruptions. Kids who build up the condition early may encounter different examples of stammering. Much of the time, the discourse interruption is in two scenes, happening in arrangements of stammering followed by times of relative discourse familiarity (Bogue, 2005). Formative stammering is anything but difficult to oversee and most patients recoup from the condition. Be that as it may, in different circumstances, the influenced youngsters experience significantly more challenges while talking as faltering forms into a propelled stage. In such kids, the underlying loose stammering forms into a progressively tense and redundant discourse disturbance joined by delays and discourse prolongations (Bogue, 2005). As per Lewis (1902), the advancement of stammering in youngsters could be impacted by natural factors, for example, child rearing of the influenced kid. Applying serious weight on the influenced youngster so as to get ordinary discourse expands improvement of stammering, in light of the fact that it sabotages the certainty of the kid (SFA, 2000). Furthermore, unregulated discourse adjustment methods applied by watchmen make the influenced kid to turn out to be progressively on edge and frightful, which are a portion of the components that quicken the advancement of increasingly ceaseless stammering (SFA, 2000). As the kid develops more established, optional stammering side effects become clear. These incorporate staying away from social contact and circumstance requiring verbal correspondence, quick flickering of the eyes and trembling of lips. Other conduct side effects that create after the youngster gets discerning of stammering condition i ncorporate fear of sounds, individuals and circumstances that include talking. The optional responses to stammering become increasingly obvious in puberty and early adulthood causing a great deal of embarrassment, disgrace and frustration to the influenced people. In uncommon circumstances, grown-ups with ordinary discourse capacity procure language impedances, which lead to stammering (Lewis, 1902). As indicated by NIDCD (2007), gained stammering some of the time happen from neurological hindrance, emerging from ailments, for example, stroke, injury or injury on the head, cerebrum tumors and maltreatment of specific medications. Procured

The Evolving Role of Government in Education Essay

The Evolving Role of Government in Education - Essay Example Further worries of long haul financial just as political ramifications that such arrangements forecast have been a factor that has driven these discussions. Consequently, there has been an agreement that the national government should take matters of instruction comprehensively with the end goal of changing strategies and smoothing out training, which will be significant in this century and age (Sunderman, 2010). Without a doubt, the president and the U.S Secretary responsible for training have made strategy intercession calls to address instruction emergencies in High Schools with a one-sided fixation on the schools, which perform grimly, just as in universities and vocation setup. In this line, there have been a number and bits of enactments proposed or sanctioned by the national congress driven from investigate discoveries and proposals on the prescribed procedures that would enough illuminate government approach (Cross, 2004). For example, reserves have been infused under the gov ernment upgrade program, which has gone further in revealing insight into the open doors accessible to push and make instruction mindfulness battles for development. Further, there have been state-driven developments accused of the order to assess and create basic normalized ways to deal with extraordinarily way change the American Education (Sunderman, 2010). Such enactments incorporate the reauthorized Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). This demonstration was proposed with the view to fundamentally survey the secondary school emergency so frameworks and structures are out set up to empower understudies moving on from secondary schools to be sufficiently prepared to take on vocations in universities. For this situation, the government approach supposedly plays a significant job to guarantee that in â€Å"reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in away that the strategies would be harmonious with the progressions and normal guidelines initiative† to play the main job and assistance of organization with different players in the instruction part (Sunderman, 2010). The bureaucratic job and the Aid Evolution For quite a while, about a century, the government has been assuming a noteworthy job in the improvement of instruction in America. It has been the support about national needs and interests undoubtedly. This has been found in various jobs throughout the years in accordance with popular government and advancement of an informed America. One has been to essentially get rid of destitution, advance value in training access and to react to the requirements of the powerless gatherings in the public eye. The subsequent job has been advancement of security and upgrade of financial solidness over the entire nation to guarantee it monetarily contends with different nations (Cross, 2004). One of the transcendent zones where the government job has been seen has been in its push for help in instruction. Today’s support for rudime ntary and optional instruction can be followed back to the year 1938 when a report of the warning board of trustees on training affected by the then president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, revealed noteworthy realities. In general, the report demonstrated that there were not kidding inconsistencies among the American states and went further to lay proposals that the states that were lingering behind ought to be helped to advance value (Sunderman, 2010).

Greco-Roman Influence in Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay

Greco-Roman Influence in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra  Greco-Roman fanciful pictures appear to rule Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Since the time the humanist upheaval began, Renaissance scholars, including Shakespeare, efficiently attempted to resuscitate Greek writing and Greek folklore. It was an endeavor to set up an elective power to Catholic educational authoritative opinion that has the stamp of olden times.  Shakespeare's information on folklore was only Roman, particularly corresponding to love and war. As an issue of truth, the Romans didn't have made lords of their own, in light of the fact that '' They were a people of profound strict inclination, yet they had little imagination.''â indeed, the impact of Greek craftsmanship and writing were ground-breaking in Rome. Along these lines, they received Greek divine beings, and the Greek fanciful considers turned along with Roman legendary figures to suit their general public. For instance, Ares, who is the Geek god of war, transformed into Mars, the Roman divine force of war. ''The Roman preferred Mars better than the Greeks enjoyed Ares,''â in light of the fact that Ares was not a run of the mill god of war, so Mars turned into the encapsulation of military excellencies and the safeguard of Rome.  Actually, an intensive comprehension of the legendary figures and pictures in Antony and Cleopatra like Phoebus, Furies, Venus, Mars, Hercules and Bacchus, can be the best rule to a discerning understanding of the play. These legendary figures can be mirrors which mirror the idea of a particular character or the way of life of a general public. Thusly, the capacity of these fantasies is significant in Antony and Cleopatra being one of the approaches to move toward the play.  The qualities and culture of the Egyptian societ... ...while once she appears to help him in putting his covering on. Subsequently, Cleopatra gives him the otherworldly help when he does battle.  Clearly, the past legendary figures are not coincidentally referenced in the play. They are another source which empowers the peruser to comprehend the characters and the way of life of Rome and Egypt inâ Antony and Cleopatra. In this way, these fantasies are significant in a circuitous way to deal with the play.  Reference index Hamilton, Edith. Folklore: Timeless Tales of Godsâ and Heroes. New York: Warner Books, 1969. Miles, Geoffrey. Ed., ''A Rough Guide to the Gods''and ''A Mythical History of the World,''â â â â â â â Classical Mythology in English Literature: A Critical Anthology. London: Routledge, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra. London: Longman, 1981.

The World of Glassblowing Free Essays

25, February 2013 The World of Glassblowing Ever envision what it’s like to play with nectar? Presently envision playing and forming nectar when it’s gleaming super hot with bizarre yet intriguing instruments and transforming it into some wonderful and incredible. A bit of workmanship that is totally one of a kind and stand-out. Well this is actually what it’s like in the realm of glassblowing. We will compose a custom exposition test on The World of Glassblowing or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now By attempting and encountering the workmanship class here at SBVC one can genuinely figure out how to consummate only the ability, yet extend your own creative mind just as your innovativeness. Glassblowing is a perishing exchange and ability in the craftsmanship world. Presently it’s basically thought to be to a greater extent a diversion. On a progressively genuine note vocation shrewd it’ll get you far yet it won't et you an existence of extravagance, yet it provides if your carrying on with the single life. Family-wise your happier having another all day work since this specific profession would just compensation enough to cover for the materials, the instruments, the heater, and so forth that one would utilize. These costs will in general be especially high in value which would be the fundamental motivation to search for business else where with regards to accommodating a family. Normally, a great many people would believe that glassblowing started from Mexico in light of the fact that a ton of carefully assembled crystal is made and made there. In Mexico glassblowing is really done outside in people in general for all to see this entrancing craftsmanship. So it’s not astonishing that such a large number of individuals are persuaded that this interesting ability would originate from our neighbors down in the South. When in certainty glassblowing started from over the world in Italy, where it’s a custom to gain a living from. In most Italian families an exchange like glassblowing is normally passed down starting with one age then onto the next. Italy centers for the most part around the high quality expressions, for example, glassblowing, ceramics, stain-glasswork, and so forth and abstains from mainstreaming it. Which in end is the reason most carefully assembled objects that are bought and sent from Italy is so profoundly estimated. No doubt that bit of workmanship is unique and can't be duplicated. In my own perceptions at the SBVC Glassblowing class, I had the option to observe the sensitive technique it takes to consummate this specific expertise. As I sat and watched Stephen, an understudy here at SBVC’s Glassblowing class, he clarifies cautiously every progression that must be brought with certain insurances. Stephen at that point clarifies the perils of this sort of work of art and gives a few instances of wounds that he and numerous different understudies obtained white taking part in this class. One model that he utilized was the manner by which one understudy subliminally got an article he thumped over trying to spare it from breaking yet consequently consumed two hands in light of the fact that the item was as yet hot. This understudy acquired severely charred areas on all fours couldn't partake in the class for about fourteen days. As Stephen prepares and readies his materials and apparatuses for his venture I at that point continue to pose him more inquiries. For example, what made him need to seek after this perilous yet intriguing exchange. He at that point put his devices down and just answered that he needed a new beginning. Something new and energizing and that when he saw the title of this class he knew at that moment that that was something he needed to do. Stephen at that point gets a blowpipe, expected it and afterward moved toward the magnificence gap with it and started to warm one finish of it. As he was warming or heating up the blowpipe I at that point proceeded with my meeting. My next inquiry that I routed to Stephen was what did he by and by advantage by taking this class and learning this aptitude. Well.. † Stephen said as he opened the heater, â€Å" By taking this class and learning this aptitude I figured out how to show restraint, which I never was taking this class. † Stephen at that point plunges the finish of the blowpipe in the heater to assemble the super hot shining fluid and rapidly shuts the entr yway while moving the blowpipe to shield the glass from tumbling to the ground. Stephen at that point stated, â€Å"and I additionally adapted great dexterity also just as working in a high pressure condition. In the wake of getting done with that answer, Stephen then when to the marver and leveled the liquid glass on the channel and immediately took a seat at his seat and proceeded with his task by hindering the glass. â€Å"Are there any hindrances in glassblowing? † I said and Stephen at that point immediately answered â€Å" Other than getting consumes no not so much. † After adjusting the glass with the square exactly as he would prefer Stephen at that point got up and embedded the glass into the magnificence opening to warm the glass before blowing and molding it into an ideal air pocket. As Stephen continues his place at the seat, I discreetly looked as he handily reshapes the glass and afterward utilizing one finish of the blowpipe tenderly blows air into the glass, framing a little yet immaculate circle. As Stephen controlled his little glass bubble, I at that point asked him what was the most fascinating piece of his recently discovered abilities. As he made the jack line, which framed a neck isolating the air pocket from the channel he answered that the most fascinating piece of Glassblowing was the boundless measure of thoughts that can be made with the glass in the event that one has the creative mind and inventiveness to breath life into them. With that Stephen at that point immediately moved over to a container with what resembled cotton inside and tenderly tapped the blowpipe with the rear of his jacks (an instrument that resembles an enormous arrangement of tweezers) and the air pocket basically tumbled from the blow pipe and into the case. Stephen at that point immediately put the container in the strengthened which gradually cools the glass over a time of a couple of hours (contingent upon how enormous the article being referred to is). Before I had the option to pose another inquiry Stephen at that point said to me in a cool tone that on the off chance that he needed to pick between seeking after Glassblowing as a profession or a side interest that he’d rather keep this as a pastime. His purpose for this announcement was that it was something that he would keep on accomplishing for genuine feelings of serenity. If he somehow happened to seek after this aptitude as a vocation that he couldn't imagine anything better than to encourage it yet that it was probably not going to occur for him. As our meeting reached a conclusion, Stephen at that point encouraged me and showed me a portion of the fundamental yet advance methods that he uses to make little items. For example, little teacups. After he gave me a little run through on the most proficient method to make a little tea cup with a handle, I was then educated to give the methodology a shot my own. I at that point gradually imitated Stephen’s each progression: I warmed the blowpipe and afterward accumulate a decent size measure of the liquid glass on my funnel. Next I at that point rolled the glass in a speedy yet consistent pace on the marver to even the glass framing a little chamber. At that point I moved toward the burning hot greatness gap, warmed the glass, took a seat at the seat and afterward continued to obstruct the liquid glass until it was totally even. I at that point calculated the blowpipe simply like Stephen educated me to do, took a full breath and blew into the blowpipe. From the outset it was somewhat troublesome, however after the initial couple of moments became simpler. Right when I was getting settled with this my air pocket out of nowhere popped! Clearly I blew the glass so much that the glass turned out to be meager and popped. Glassblowing not just shows one how to control the super hot shining fluid with odd instruments, yet in addition instructs one how to communicate the inventiveness and creative mind of the psyche to make mind blowing gems. What made you need to take this specific class? What have you profited by taking this class and learning these aptitudes? What might you say are the detriments of glassblowing and why? What are the benefits of glassblowing and why? Okay suggest this class or learning these particular abilities to anybody? What might you say is the most intriguing piece of glassblowing? Okay ever proceed with these aptitudes as a lifelong way or an interest? Why? When you originally began taking this class what was the most noticeably awful experience you at any point had? Did that experience incorporate getting any sort of wounds while taking an interest? What was the most outrageous injury you’ve ever gotten? Did you ever get any consumes that were severely charred areas? How did your folks respond when you let them know of your newly discovered enthusiasm for glassblowing? Did they contradict it or bolster it? What is your opinion about the class charge you needed to pay? Do you feel that the class expense is reasonable or out of line? As of late I’ve heard that the vast majority of the workmanship classes are being cut. What are you going to do if the divert cuts the glassblowing program? Will go somewhere else to keep learning and culminating this workmanship or call stops? Exhaust Step by step instructions to refer to The World of Glassblowing, Papers

Related Literature - Payroll System free essay sample

Writing What is a Payroll framework? A finance framework is a significant application that ought to be utilized by organizations of any size. These frameworks are an ensured approach to ensure your finance is done on schedule and in consistence with every single burdening authority. Duty laws and rates have consistently changed as of late, new assessment credits, termination of old credits and rate changes would all be able to influence the result of your finance. These frameworks can be customized to ascertain assessments and findings to your particular territory. Most frameworks have a web database that can be gotten to for updates to burden codes and changes in the law. These frameworks additionally can help the entrepreneur ascertain the measure of duties they owe the administration toward the finish of each quarter. Inability to present the right charges each quarter is the main explanation that entrepreneurs end up in a difficult situation with the Internal Revenue Service. We will compose a custom article test on Related Literature Payroll System or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Finance administrations can likewise be performed offsite. Numerous organizations represent considerable authority in giving finance frameworks to different organizations. In the event that you are not prepared to introduce and utilize a framework like this in your own organization, you may consider heading off to this sort of business to have the administration performed. - Genesis Trias http://ezinearticles. com/? What-Is-a-Payroll-System? amp;id=5681334 Payroll frameworks incorporate all kinds of fiscal reports that include the installment of a businesses representatives, just as any explanations that identify with the recording of work charges. In addition to the fact that statements are incorporated inside these kinds of frameworks the genuine elements of printing, conveying or electronic exchange of workers reserves are additionally included. A finance frameworks explanations are records of the measure of hours a representative has worked, any expenses that have been retained from a workers finance check, any intentional assessment findings, and printed duplicates of watches that have been conveyed, and furthermore all records of duties that have been paid to the administration. http://www. surepayroll. com/online-finance/finance framework. asp A finance framework includes everything that has to do with the installment of workers and the recording of business charges. This incorporates monitoring hours, calculatingâ wages, retaining charges and otherâ deductions, printing and conveying checks and paying work expenses to the administration. - Dave Ross http://www. howstuffworks. com/finance system1. htm Payroll, at its generally essential, is the procedure by which a business pays a representative for work performed. In the event that you own your own business, yet dont have any representatives, at that point you dont need to stress over finance. Be that as it may, when you recruit your first laborer, you have an obligation to pay that worker on schedule and the right sum. Dave Roos http://www. howstuffworks. com/finance framework. htm

A Dissertation About Issues In logistics management - Free Essay Example

1. Introduction: This dissertation is about logistics management. It is a part of the supply chain management which involves with the inflow, outflow, procurement, maintenance and storage of goods and services. The supply chain exists between starting point to delivery point. As mentioned by Ackerman (2000), Logistic management basically means having a right thing, in the right place at the right time. This project is focus on the activities of manager of famous company to perform in order to make the organisation a success. In todays environment there is a need to stay updated in order to know the flaws in business, to think at the right time and act accordingly. There is always a complexity in dealing with the ever-changing customer requirements, their expectations relating to price, competitions in the economy and so on. All these have to be met efficiently in order to cope up with the situation. The success of a goods or service depends on how well strengthens of the distribution strategy is studied and how the suppliers, markets, storage and transportation are dealt with right strategy. The upcoming areas deal with the entire process involved in the transformation of a raw material into the ultimate finished product. Logistics management presents a variety of tools to understand the logistics in effective decision making and how it goes in relating the broader issues in the entire supply chain thereby finding out ways and means in achieving the strategic goals (Ackerman, 2000). The company that is selected here is Tolam Logistics which is located in Hong Kong. It was established in 1996 by Mr. Eric Lam who had about 20 years experience in freight and transportation. The TLs provide One Stop shop logistics services by all type of facility of logistics like storage, delivery, custom clearance etc. The TLs main customers included Toshiba, Sanyo, Kleon, Fujis air conditioner and Plasma Televisions. It had a warehouse of 100,000 sq. ft. and owns around 32 trucks. The staff strength resulted to around 100 including permanent staffs (Magee, 1985). Tolam Logistics is a logistics company engaged in the distribution of goods that are received at its warehouse. The main points that we focussed here is warehousing and distribution. The objective of this case study is to discuss its objectives, strategies and methods employed in: Transportation planning: TL uses its own trucks to transport the goods without depending on outsourcing of transport. Only when the demand exceeds its transport facilities it does not hesitate to make use of outsourcing and in situations where the demand is low it has no problem to put its trucks idle. They use their trucks in such situations to generate income by outsourcing their trucks to other uses. E.g. In monsoon season due to low business activity at that time not using outsourcing trucks and deploy only own trucks which runs on fixed route and fixed contract which surety of fixed expense and income. Inventory management: TL provides a sound inventory system. They receive orders in the night and make despatches in the daytime. They forecast the warehouse space and transportation on a quarterly basis in ord er to know its requirements. Companies usually reserve their space in the warehouse depending upon the volume to be held in the warehouse. They have latest technology for loading and unloading 14 vehicles at a time. Information technology: TL has an extended use of computer systems to record various transactions happening inside. It maintains a separate database for each customer. TL is now in the process of developing a new IT integrated system that will open up new exits to the company. TL does have difficulties in providing different legacy systems, so they are planning to install a common platform on the web so that all its customers can be satisfied at a time. They are implementing barcode system to tracking goods(Frederick Ross, 1996) 2. Aims and Objective: We are learning about the issues of logistics management and for this purpose I am planning to take up the company Tolam Logistics as the main subject. Tentative research questions can be considered for this purpose is What are the main factors that affect the logistics management at TL, Do theories of logistics apply at the ground level?, How important is logistics in managing customer satisfaction?, What are the performance measures, costing methods and metrics used for logistics management?, Can modern communication technologies impact logistics management. 3. Theoretical Background: 3.1 Logistic Strategy and Planning: The supply chain strategy is main link to growth of business strategy and it should taking care of balance maintained between the cost and service offered by firm. As mentioned by Tompkins (1998), following factors have to be considered here, The customers and suppliers should be aligned in regard to the internal company operations. Companys inflow (Raw Material) and outflow (sales) should be maintained as per market demands and trends with the help of internal company operations likes collect, pickup, packaging, deliver etc. The marketing and sales plan should be aligned to meet the supply chain strategy means like E.g. For launching a new product in the market sales plan like marketing should be start after enough production flow carry on to fulfill the demand of market, If market trends change the immediately we have other strategy for product modification. The capital expenditure has to be aligned to the supply chain operations. E.g. Firm have enough capital for mon thly fixed expense like production cost, sales, salary, rent, marketing and promotion cost etc. The HR structure has to be aligned to the supply chain E.g. HR structure have enough manpower to operate the production, sales and marketing etc dept. The supply chain has to be aligned in order to meet the investment policies. The supply chain has to be aligned in order to meet the growth targets. The supply chain has to be aligned in order to make room for expansion of the business.  Logistic planning involves the use and management of all logistic resources in order to maintain the desired cost and service performance. The considerations include the inventory positioning, inventory levels, number of warehouses, types of warehouses, mode of carrier selection and so same will be forwarded. The company can decide on whether to deploy a high service method or a low cost service method. A high cost method deploys more warehouses, use fast delivery transportation and maintain high stock levels. This method of course is mostly trying to avoid the high cost. Whereas, a low cost service method gives value for cost by reducing the number of warehouses to one, use cheap transportation and maintain longer lead time in ordering stocks. Through improved warehouse design the cost of handling materials can be reduced to a great extent prior delivery goods arrange as to easily loading and unloading from trucks, by arranging direct vehicle loading of materials from the wareh ouse and implementing automated installations are two methods that can reduce handling material costs. By conducting an assessment of the transport costs and implementing the right choice by comparing current transport costs with that of the occurring standard rates can bring down transport costs to the minimize with routes selection, speed of vehicle, Regular maintained vehicle, road maps, uses the GPRS system to reach at delivery point. This type of logistic planning goes a long way in attaining the right logistic system. Company has to consider four main points while planning a logistic system; they are as stated above, customer service levels, facility location, inventory decisions and transportation decisions. These four levels are related to each other and therefore integrated planning has to be considered. Planning here means designing the logistics network as a configuration of warehouses, production plants, selling areas, stocking-areas, transportation and information syste ms that aim at balancing an equilibrium between the overall costs and the revenue. Briefly idea for the logistic planning means the total cost concept should be studied to consider the supply chain. 3.2 Customer Service Strategy: Supply chain is basically considered as a strategic concept that involves understanding and managing the sequence of activities -from supplier to customer-that add value to the product supply pipeline (Tompkins, 1998). The role of customers in the supply chain market is not incidental. Every company in this chain, irrespective of market size mainly they thankful to its customers as the fact is that in all profit of firm there are customers are in center whom to buy the goods and services produced by each one of them. This century marks the end of monopolies and therefore customers can make an array of choices. When customers decide not to buy products in a particular supply chain, then no doubt the company would collapse without earning any revenue for the expenses incurred in launching the product on the stage of saturation and decline stage. So, the supply chain should be structured in such a manner that there is a common link between the products as such and the end customer. It is because that the tastes of customers keep changing and their expectations goes on rising, when product cycle at saturation and decline stage at they began decreasing brand loyalty and put in for anything that attracts them. Thus the importation must be put on conducting effective market analysis to know the needs of different groups of customers to whom the offer is to be made. Its main aim is to polish its contact with the customers. The rationale behind this strategy is to improve services provided directly or indirectly to its customers and to use the information in the system for targeted marketing and sales purposes. A kind of metrics should be used to assess the customer service, like the companys ability to fill the orders in limited time or the delivery of the products on the due date. Other researches can be conducted to find out the reason for not delivering the products on the due date. There is no compromise for an act of negligence in meeting customer satisfactio n as it is the customers who ultimately judge the life span of the company.  In todays fast growing economy, it is not the matter of fact that the big beat the small but it is the fast beats the slow and the accurate beats the inaccurate. Below are mentioned seven steps to reduce the fulfilment costs by improving customer service at the same time (Tompkins, 1998). According to him, the following points are important with regard to supply chains, Integrate with order entry system: In todays hyper competitive economy it is very difficult to maintain order fulfilment through the internet. Most of them placed through internets are managed poorly and which end in resulting distorting customer satisfaction due to delay in product delivery. Integrating a systematic order fulfilment process tends to reduce manual labour that saves time, increases profitability and customer satisfaction E.g. Order received in night and make delivery in the day time. Build in adaptability: Provid ing exceptional customer service has proved to be challenging in todays competitive environment. Companies can meet this challenge by proving to be adaptable with the customer wants makes changes in their orders right from the purchase and even upto and after shipment. This can prove to be successful as the customers can get what they want even if their product changes from the market. E.g. Tailor made transportation system like packaging facility as per weather. Confirm with bar codes: By changing the bar coding into an automated one ,the company can save a large amount of its time and energy and even implement perfection in planning as it presents real time data instead of mere projections. E.g. In the ware house material arranged with barcode easy to locate particular product with the barcode system we can easily shift goods as per priority of delivery and delivery places. Conducting automated pickings: Automated technologies are easily fulfills the needs of customer thereb y increasing customer satisfaction and bringing in repeated business in a shorter time span. E.g. Goods collection from customer destination is one of good example of automated pickings its save time and money of customers which bringing repeated business. Automated shipping plans: Using automated shipping plan the workers can pick to a predesigned way of stacking the containers without going for trial and error methods. This saves a lot of time and energy of the workers engaged in stacking the containers and speeding the delivery with less expense than without ASP. E.g. Barcode system on containers and on the area of ware house which easily track the goods and easily stacking and speeding the delivery. Automate shipment verification: By applying automated verification together with automated picking and using bar codes, more time can be saved on packing, verifying and shipping process. Sourcing orders based on facility workload: Logistic managers should use the method of b est utilize of space when multiple warehousing and distribution facilities are available in order to improve responsiveness and maximize flexibility. The above factors tend to make the shipment reach the customers more quickly and which therefore has a direct impact on their satisfaction levels. The standards of service provided to end customers should be determined and mentioned on top of the list. The remaining strategic decisions should also be taken considering the customers interests. Frohne, (2008), Organization has to adjusting the supply chain as such to meet the market demand and product features, Determining the relation model among the supply chain participants, Selecting the suppliers, Determining on the distribution channels, Adopting a specific method of stock holding, Determining the location and nature of the warehouse, Formulating guidelines in selecting the transportation. Taking a decision on any of the above mentioned factors without giving due consideratio n to the customer needs may seriously affect the implementation of the general strategies of the supply chain, as the strategies of the supply chain are competitive in nature that aimed at end customer satisfaction.    The focus of supply chain on the customers can be studied more explicitly using the Quick Response concept, which means identifying the demands and reacting to its changes as quickly as possible. This concept was developed in relation to textile industry in order to avoid losses due to change in demand. The QR nature is such that it assume in close cooperation with the supply chains by providing maximum satisfaction to its customers by reducing the costs to its minimum. This becomes material if the customers provide timely information to the suppliers regarding their demands and they make timely supply of the demand. This method would no doubt increase sales by reducing the costs by bringing in profit to all the supply chains involved. 3.3 Procurement management: Procurement is appropriate goods at best cost which fulfill the requirement of purchase with good quality, quantity, time and location. It is regarding the profit orientation fastest growing business firm rather than simple cost cutting measures. There is an old saying Goods well bought are half sold, this means that the success of an organisation depends on the efficiency of its purchasing department. If organization purchase good quality raw material then its increase the productivity of internal operation, quality of final goods, reduce the wastage. Buying dept and selling departments are interlinked, in other words if buying dept purchased goods without proper consultation with the sales department which knows the nature and trend of the market, then the sales department cannot succeed to sell the goods at a profit. E.g. if purchase department without consult with sales dept purchase water resists packaging material in monsoon season to purchase waterproof material for packagin g its indirectly effect on business cost, time etc wastage. In monsoon season low business activity need low quantity of packaging material need to know quantity of material as well. Scientific purchasing methods should be adopted in order to purchase the right product at the right price and place, in right quantity and quality and from the right supplier. All these factors are interconnected. There is always confusion for all the concerns regarding what to buy, where and how to buy. All these problems can be solved by performing the following purchasing functions. Jones, James V., p82(2006) Planning the purchase of goods: The producer should decide on the required amount of stock of raw materials and parts that is to be purchased on the basis of expected volume of sales and the estimated rate of production. It has some sub functions that has to be followed to make the purchase effectively. They are preparation of the budget, determination of quantities to be ordered, stock turno ver, consideration of effects of changes in fashion and price changes. Assembling: It means gathering goods from various sources and bringing them to the business place. E.g. Head office ordered for packaging material and store in warehouse then need to supply at all branches on right time. If goods received from japan to deliver at north London then japan branch send goods to main office at uk branch then they supplies to London branch and London branch supply to north london branch whom deliver it to customer. Locating the sources of supply: The buyers have to search for various sources of supply and maintain contact with them. In the selection of the suppliers, the buyers should consider the efficiency, rate and location, capacity of supply goods, goodwill and financial stability of the suppliers. It is always desirable to maintain liaison with two or more suppliers to ensure uninterrupted supply in case of non availability of raw material from one supplier buyer sure for a vailable from another supplier and supply of raw material not interrupted. Market news: The buyers should be always aware of the market, the prices, the change in fashion, tastes and attitude of the customers should be updated. The launching of the product and their impact on the customers should also be monitored by survey of customers like-dislikes, market share, market trends etc. Negotiation of terms: After the above activities have been completed the buyer has to finalise on buying. For this he has to negotiate with the suppliers terms and conditions. Usual negotiations will be on the quality, quantity, price, discounts and terms of delivery. Transfer of title: Finally, immediately after the payment the buyer should get the title transferred in his name. He should get the relevant documents like final agreement copy, terms and condition letter, quotation etc in his custody. To take a quick look at how CEVA logistics a leading supply chain management company has tied up its hands with Ford, a global leader in the automotive world, proved to be a success. The operation is located closely to the plants proximity and provides small lot market consuming areas, container management and efficient transportation system. CEVA was awarded three awards for its efficient supply chain in providing customer satisfaction through maintaining quality, fast delivery and excellence in management from Ford. 3.4 Financial aspects of logistics: Financial managers have a responsibility to raise capital for maintaining inventory and also for the firms overall profitability. There is a global solution for low risk work. Once a company enters to do business globally its financial risks also arises. It needs to ask questions as to how it will get its money in business or whether the goods will be accepted only after the shipment. Companies can use various financial instruments that banks offer nowadays in the form of letter of credit and the like. The payment condition regulates the flow of goods or services in the logistic system and the mode of payment. Some of the common means of payment are way bills, letter of credit, commercial invoice etc. on the basis of payment conditions; banks have adopted a new means of payment under the term called financial engineering. These have proved to be very much useful in enabling the free of capital that is blocked in ventures and also reducing the time of funds being locked up in busine ss. They also have to verify the terms and contract of payment with customer and what is fixed expense are occurred against payment method with customers. The currencies of various countries can also affect international logistics in many ways. These are foreign exchange control and risks of exchange associated with warehousing. This can be reduced by selecting specific company locations, countries that have a stable market for their currencies. By reducing the order processing time can also minimise the risks involved in exchange rate.    3.5 Packaging and Inventory Management Packaging is technology of preparing goods for transportation, sales, warehousing, logistics, evaluate the design of product. Packaging is concerned with the planning, distribution, sals and storage etc. Packaging makes attractive to the end consumers the old product. It is a group effort of the designer, the researcher, the engineer, the marketing expert, the sales department and the top management. It should be designed in a systematic manner in order to achieve its very purpose (Voortman, 2004).  The various factors to be considered while taking packaging decisions are the size, colour, material, text, brand name, caption etc. In packaging designs the AIDAS formula (see Figure 1) has to be successfully implied. AIDAS represents five basic points. They are attention, interest, desire, action and satisfaction. These are very much important in the supply chain strategy which goes ultimately in meeting the customer needs. The need of packaging is to ensures the supply of righ t quantity and quality of the product, to protects the product from any damage caused due to dust, mishandling, pilferage etc, to makes the handling of products conveniently, to facilitates the storage of products, to makes it convenient to distinguish our products from that of the others, to makes the product more attractive, to helps the customers to reuse the product for some other purposes Packaging holds a very important place in the supply chain logistic management. Only when the products are presented well the customers has an urge to buy it more frequently. Fig. 1 AIDAS Source:- self 4. Inventory Management:  Inventory management aims to handle all function correctly with tracking and management of material. Inventory management is very wide definition like to replenishment lead time , carrying costs of inventory, asset management, forecasting, valuation, visibility, future inventory cost, space, quality etc. The ultimate aim of supply chain management is how well you manage your inventory. Manufacturers face a number of challenges which require not just exceptional planning but also an effective communication setup that keeps you updated at the spur of a moment. From rapid changes of customer demands, globalisation or even natural calamities can cause your inventory to be stuck up paving way for no wages to the employees. Therefore there should be a quick information system to discuss the inbound and outbound issues affecting the demand and supply. For this there should be a well managed supply chain inventory management in order to keep the business running without any interruptions ( Bowersox, 2000) There are benefits and risks of holding inventory as mentioned below, Avoiding risks of sale: If a desired amount of inventory are stored that are ready to be sold, can bring in return to the company. It can avoid losing its customers for non supply of products. Shelf-stocks are those products which are sold to its customers with little or no modifications; an example of such a product is automobiles. Quantity discount: When goods are purchased in bulk quantity the suppliers offer a discount. This is in fact helps the buyer to make a more margin in profit. Even sometimes suppliers are ready to supply goods on credit for time period like one week /month thats all capital invest in other source for time being help to cash cycle. Reducing ordering costs: Each time an order has to be placed it incurs certain expenses like mailing costs, typing, approving and the like, so if inventory is stored in bulk it can reduce the ordering costs to a great extend. Red ucing the set up costs: Start up costs is incurred each time a product is produced. Maintaining large stocks of inventory helps in reducing the set up costs. Reducing risks of production shortage: If any part of a product is unavailable it may result in the production to stay at a halt. Therefore it is good to hold inventories to maintain sufficient flow of supply to the customers. Avoiding risks of holding inventories: Reduction or decline in the market price: It faces the risks of price cutting by competitors or the arrival of a new product. In such situations holding inventories in large    amount would only prove to be a loss for the holding firm. Also inventories more money on new product like advertisement, launching, promotion offers, discount schemes etc. Deterioration of the product: Product may get worse when it is held for longer periods. Obsolescence of the product: The product may become obsolete and outdated when the customers tastes and preferences change.  While dealing with inventory management in the supply chain it is also advised to go through the costs of holding inventory. The costs associated with inventory are of two types; direct costs and indirect costs. The direct costs of holding inventory are the materials cost, ordering costs and carrying costs. The indirect costs of holding inventory are costs of funds tied up in inventory (opportunity cost) and the costs of running out of stock (stock-out cost) (Waters, 2003). When critically evaluating the inventory management we can sum up the objectives like to ensure that the materials are available for production without interruption, To maintain sufficient stock of raw material in times of shortage, To ensure that inventory of finished goods are readily made available to meet the customer demands., To maintain a balance between the inventories., To prevent the inventory from deterioration by providing proper warehousing and insurance.   From the above mentioned points it is evaluated that inventory if not controlled properly may either way prove to be wastage to the concern. This has induced the need to find out techniques to control the inventory. 4.1 Economic Order Quantity: EOQ (see Figure 2) is the level where total demands of product is constant over and each new order is delivered in regularly when in the inventory is reach at zero level. It is important to note that only the right amount of the inventory has to be stored. EOQ means the determination of the right quantity to be purchased. A balance has to be maintained between the carrying costs and the ordering cost. EOQ is the point where the total cost of ordering and the cost of carrying the inventory would be the minimum. For EOQ we assume that the ordering cost, rate of demand, purchase price and delivery quantity are constant with fixed lead time. The main point here to be noted is whether you increase or decrease the purchase the total of all the costs should be maintained at a minimum (Stock, 1993). Fig. -2 Formulas for Economic Order Quantity. Source:- Google Image. 4.2 ABC analysis: ABC analysis (See Figure 3) is a technique of exercising selective control over inventory items. It is a method of controlling material according to its value. Its a mechanism for impact on inventory cost by identifying items. A concern need not exercise the same degree of control over all materials. Materials of high value should be closely controlled than materials of low value. Accordingly, the materials will be grouped as A, B and C. A category material constitutes only a small percentage of the total items but they have the highest value. By category items constitutes a higher percentage of the total items but have only a medium value and the C category items constitutes the highest percentage in the total inventory but it has the lowest value. ABC analysis is based on the principles of Selective Inventory Management. Fig-3 ABC Analysis. Source Google Image 4.3 Determination of Re-order level: Re-order level (See Figure 4) is that level of inventory at which the firm should place orders in order to maintain stock of the inventory. It is with regard to the timing of purchase. When orders are placed new products will reach the before it runs out of stock. Last minute order placing is not found here as the orders are placed slightly above the minimum stock level. The above techniques can go on a long way to control the sufficient inventory. As inventory forms the life blood of a concern not a minute carelessness can be made in maintaining adequate stock of inventory. As there is a supply chain all over the globe it is high time to forgo with traditional inventory management process and continuously manage inventory through the global supply chains to optimise the inventory. The excellence in supply chain is required to strike a balance between the lead times, budgets, inventory costs and the risks. In order to maintain optimum utilization of inventory it is necessary to balance the supply chain management against the business policies, changing market demands, risks and other constraints. It makes it important to know what inventories to carry, how, when and in what form. Fig. -4 Diagram of Reorder Level. Source:- Google Image. 5. Physical Distribution and Monitoring Performance: 5.1 Warehousing Another important area which forms an important part of the supply chains strategy is the provision of proper storage and warehousing facilities until the goods are ready to be consumed by the end customers. Its primary aim is controlling the movement and storage of goods until they are demanded in the market. Warehouse management system aids in supporting the associated areas like transportation, put away and picking (Frazelle, 2002). Here the warehousing systems can be managed in both ways either manually or automatically. In order to explain this much better an illustration is explained below. A UK based company is a manufacturer of books, cards, antiques and other souvenirs. The company has to ship its products to more than 500 destinations around the world. Now to know the challenge it has faced, it managed to build up its own warehouse of a 10,000 foot and used paper based system. All the products have to be located based on the colour or relying completely on the staffs empl oyed there. But this system proved to be inefficient as there always raised confusion between the products as different products sometimes were of the same colour. This took up a lot of time and energy of the concern and they were piling up with shipments that were yet to be dispatched. This started to affect the concern both on its revenue as well as its customer satisfaction. It also led to the duplication of work as the same lists were printed twice. They recognised that they needed a better system that would help them manage their work as well as increase their customer satisfaction level (SchÃÆ'nsleben, Paul , 2004). After months of research they were able to realise that their system was outdated and no longer reliable. They found out a better more sophisticated method called the Naxtor warehouse management solution which made the pick automatically. It helped to bring tools to the disposal of the employees thereby eradicating a paper free environment. In weeks it was able to pick up with the market and began gaining customer satisfaction. From the above research it was found that warehousing and storage is not just an easy affair, it has to undergo a series of process to reach the market and if any delay occurs anywhere it ends up in the ruining of the product.  5.2 Methodology: To study how a logistic company uses its different streams to sustain in the market. It discusses the companys background and goes on in analysing its logistic planning and operations. The above case helped to evaluate that the methods used in Tolam Logistics can also be used in any small scale business. Its relationship with Toshiba and Sanyo for the past years shows its loyalty. This important is the need for good customer relation. Logistic companies can prepare for business partnerships. Basically, it will make use of primary as well as secondary data in the process. Here the secondary data will be collected from company publications and academic resources already published. Moreover, if possible, an effort will be made to arrange some interactions with the managers in the company. The data analysis will involve various forms of content analysis as well as grounded theory principles and the details of the same will be provided in the further stages. There can be some logistical issues here in collecting the data and contacting the respondents and also in eliciting appropriate responses but it is being hope that it would be achieved at the end of the day. 5.3 Discussion: To discuss about the matter that I have presented above shows the worth of logistics supply chain as a means not only to support customer satisfaction but also to make all other participants of the supply chain aware of their role in making the supply chain strategy a success. The success of supply chain however depends on the satisfaction levels of the customer as it is the customer who receives the end product in the most favourable form from the suppliers. Firstly it dealt with the small, medium and large scale logistic companies, with the objective of finding out their logistic functions and the threats they face in todays modern economy and the means they develop to overcome those threats. To discuss about the dissertation regarding Tolam Logistics, a critical evaluation has been made into its individual operation in the logistic strategy. The main objective of this dissertation is to know how the company has developed over the years and the various changes it has undergone an d what are the opportunities for it in the future. A proper analysis has been made on its background, its objectives, its strategies and the technologies used by it to achieve its goals. 6. Conclusion: In this dissertation an attempt is being made to study the relevant factors that affect a logistic supply chain. The success of it will depend on the ability to gather the correct data efficiently and then in analyzing them. As the supply chain include of everything from planning, purchasing, production, storing of finished goods, transferring it to customers and after service, all these have proven to be interrelated and the negligence of any one area may prove to be fatal for the supply chain logistics. So, this study is expected to deliver some important insights into this critical field. The following areas need more attention: The governments need to support these companies by providing the necessary infrastructure. Technical support must be provided by the client companies Employee should be considered a vital factor All companies should learn to respect its clients/customers Web based or system based communication should be employed effectively Performance measures, costing methods and metrics should be adopted more vibrantly in helping the small and medium logistic companies to perform better.

Relating Race to the Top with my Personal Philosophy of Education - Free Essay Example

In 2009, under the direction of President Barack Obama, the United States Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). As a part of this act, a competitive grant fund was established for individual states. This Race to the Top (RttP) grant fund was to be used to implement or improve public schools in four key areas. These included: Adopting standards and assessments that prepare students to succeed in college and the workplace and to compete in the global economy, Building data systems that measure student growth and success, and inform teachers and principals about how they can improve instruction, Recruiting, developing, rewarding, and retaining effective teachers and principals, especially where they are needed most, and Turning around our lowest-achieving schools (U.S. Department of Education, 2016). The Current Purpose and Motivations of American Education Data has shown over several years that there is an extensive achievement gap in our nations public school system between Caucasian students and non-Caucasian students. In a time when we not only have to compete for jobs and industry nationally but also internationally, this fact that a good percentage of U.S. youth are not leaving high school ready for college or sustainable employment is a real threat to our nations future. In healthcare, nursing students are taught that even upon admission to the facility, the end goal of discharging the patient is always to be kept in the forefront of any healthcare decisions. American educational systems have the same theory that the end goal is always at the forefront. Even from preschool, the goal of education is to develop skills that will make our students successful, not only in their future school years, but also as functioning adult contributors to the well-being of America. This is evident with programs such as Race to the Top which aims to give each and every student, no matter where in America, or which school district they live in, the opportunity to have the teachers, curriculum, support, and education that will ensure their future success in life. Twenty-first century Americans are no longer simply affecting each other. With the instantaneous nature of technology, the competition for trade partners, corporations that are internationally based, and the race to be the first to develop new technologies and solutions, Americans in this day and age must be prepared to compete with each other and their international counterparts. Prior to the Russian launch of Sputnik in 1957, the United States was in a bubble. The Industrial Revolution had brought our country into the realm of international trade and competition, but the reality of that competition hit home for the average citizen when Sputnik was launched. In each and every decade since then, new skills and competencies have been stressed for students and adults to support our nations viability as an international powerhouse. We must develop adults who can think through a problem and provide multiple creative solutions. Technology has become the cornerstone of current societ y; Americans must understand how technology works, how it can be implemented, and what new solutions could be developed to augment current technologies. What is most troubling to me is that children must have a solid understanding of basic reading, math, and writing to move forward into the skills and knowledge that higher level competencies require. Those basic skills must become second nature to a child before he can comprehend, debate, support, analyze, evaluate, manipulate, or create new information, skill sets, and proficiencies. If we fail at making sure those foundations are strong, we are setting up our students to fail in school. Instructional Methods and Curriculum There is no one instructional methodology or curriculum that can be used by every teacher in every classroom that would meet the needs of every student. Children come from diverse backgrounds, experiences, home lives, situations, and learning styles. What is suitable for one group of children may not work at all with another group, even within one classroom. The challenge for educators is to find and implement a curriculum that is suitable for their demographics. The same can be said of student assessment. We cannot assess urban kids using analogies about farm animals, just as we cannot assess rural students using urban situations. Should our students be exposed to these situations? Absolutely. My husband often says, You can lead a horse to water, but that doesnt make it a duck. He says it in jest, but it really rings true in education. We can expose our students to so many situations and concepts, but the reality is that we must make our teaching and assessments real-world for our students. Therefore, I reiterate that there is no one instructional methodology or curriculum that can be used by every teacher in every classroom that would meet the needs of every student. The Utopian Classrooom In a perfect world, every student would enter the classroom with the same skillset, knowledge, and understanding. In my first grade classroom, that would mean that each student would walk through my door on August 15th knowing the names of all the letters in the alphabet and the sounds each one makes and be able to count, read, and write numbers 0-100. They would each be able to tie their own shoes, write with the correct handwriting strokes, and speak in complete sentences. Every child would go home to a loving home where there is a parent who will sit next to him, read to him, feed him a healthy supper that night and breakfast the next morning, insist that he brush his teeth and take a bath. Unfortunately, we all know that is not the case. There is no utopia. Race to the Top tries to alleviate some of the school based inequalities students encounter. It attempts to ensure that all schools have an entire staff full of teachers who care and put in the effort to maintain their own skills so they can challenge and support their students. It attempts to provide an opportunity for all schools to have guiding standards and assessments which educators can use to structure lessons and concepts around. RttP attempts to provide incentives for all schools to be able to track and assess individual student data so that educators can further adjust lessons and concepts to bring students to mastery. In theory, by providing incentives to schools to implement all of those reforms, then Americas lowest performing schools will not be so low performing any longer. In theory, then all students at all schools would have the same basic skills and competencies to ensure their success in college and the workforce. It sounds like a wonderful idea. The proble m is, who funds these reforms? North Carolina received a Race to the Top grant and implemented all of the reforms. Their schools and students made progress. However, at the end of the grant program, many jobs that had been created to implement the reforms were cut due to lost funding. Now, the state is struggling to make the reforms permanent because the reduced money and staff arent able to support the schools that need the reforms the most (North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 2015. p. 21). Measuring Student Growth I teach in a small rural school. Our town has a population of 1,360 and our schools K-12 enrollment is about 250 students. We use the Northwest Education Associations (NWEA) Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) assessments three times per year to assess student proficiency and growth. I find this very useful data as it breaks it down into subsections and shows me exactly what concepts each student is struggling or excelling with. However, the MAP data is not a complete picture of my students growth throughout the school year. I also use formative data with each lesson and throughout the year. There are so many things that students do and achieve throughout their ten months with me that cannot be assessed on a standardized test. While I do compare each of my students MAP results with our district-wide results and the MAP national norms, I also use their daily work to measure growth and proficiency. One of the questions you have posed to us is whether or not international benchm arking would be useful. I am conflicted here. While I think it would be interesting to know what students in other countries who are the same age as my students are learning in their classroom, I dont think that we could use benchmarks to compare my six year olds to the six year olds in Spain, for example. However, I do think that those who create education policy in our country should look to other countries for guidance. If we are in such dire straits and our students are so far behind students in other countries, then logically, we should look to what those other countries are doing for their children. In fact, an article in the journal Gifted Child Today (Spring, 2010, p. 7) summarized research done by Ginsburg, et.al. where it was found that the Asian countries of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea do use an international standard for mathematics. All of these countries students are very high-performing in math. It may serve our students well to formulate math standards, sc ope, and sequence to emulate the practices of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea. We instruct our students to watch the teacher model the correct way to do, write, solve, and create every day in our classrooms. American policymakers should be instructed to do the same. Advantages and Limitations of the National Priorities of Education It goes without saying that as educators, we all want our students to succeed in school and in life. As citizens of the United States, we want to be safe in the knowledge that we will be globally competitive to sustain the economy and level of comfort that we are used to as Americans. As human beings, we all want to know that we will be taken care of in our old age. The accomplishment of all of this begins with assuring that our children receive the education they need and deserve in order to be fully functional, successful, forward-thinking, productive members of the society of the future. The major advantage of our national priority of ensuring success for every student is that national and state policymakers, governmental agencies, district level administrators, teachers, and the public all should know in what direction education is going and how we are going to achieve our goals for children. Achieving national priorities is difficult, however, because all of the programs co st money to implement. How to acquire funding is a major national debate. Should local school districts be allowed to raise their levies so that more property tax is paid? Should the funding come from the state level with funds from gambling institutions, higher income taxes, or sales taxes? Or should funds be allocated by the national government to states to distribute to local school districts? According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2018), public investment in education has stalled since the beginning of the century (p. 94) in the United States. Somehow, national, state, and local leaders must find ways to properly fund schools so that our students can be globally competitive. My Philosophy of Education I have always known that each and every child can learn something every day in my classroom. It may not be the same thing that her neighbor learned, but she will learn something every day. I believe that America needs to be reminded of child development. What was second grade material thirty years ago is now being taught in kindergarten. I dont believe that just because something is taught to a child, they will be able to learn it. Their brains are still forming; young children are not developmentally ready for all that we are throwing at them. In the countries of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea, mathematical content is taught to students in a progression of skills. New skills are not taught until previous skills are mastered. This allows for an adjustment of the grade placement of content to fit the learning pace of individual students within a common standards framework (Gifted Child Today, 2010). I agree with what Race to the Top was attempting to do. I believe in the idea of n ational standards of education so that all children are definitely taught what they need to know and be able to do by the time they are ready to enter the workforce. I dont think it is possible to be an effective teacher without tracking assessment data to inform my teaching. Effective collaborative data systems are the only way to gauge how we are doing as we are preparing our students for the future. I wholeheartedly believe that every child deserves a highly qualified, effective teacher to lead and prepare him for the future. I believe that if every school everywhere was able to implement the first three of the Race to the Top reforms, there would be no need for the fourth reform, turning around low performing schools, because there would be no low performing schools. My personal education philosophy is that every child who enters my classroom will learn and their knowledge and skill sets will grow. They will feel safe, loved, and smart. I strive every day to fulfill the Race to the Top goals. I correlate my lessons to our Nebraska State Standards and try to teach so that each and every child achieves mastery. Does mastery always happen for every student? No, but I keep trying. I use assessment data to guide my lesson planning and individual instruction. I try to be the best teacher I can be for my students every day, because that is what they deserve. References International benchmarks in mathematics. (2010). Gifted Child Today, 33(2), 7. Retrieved from https://go.openathens.net/redirector/ace.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/203257921?accountid=31683 North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (2015). North Carolina Race to the Top Closeout Report. Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/programs/racetothetop/state-reported-sharing/ncexsumm.pdf OECD (2017). Economic Surveys UNITED STATES. 2018(14). OECD Publishing, Paris. Retrieved from https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-united-states- 2018_eco_surveys-usa-2018-en U.S. Department of Education. (2016). Race to the Top Fund. Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/programs/racetothetop/index.html.